> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://blog.1nf1n1ty.team/hacktricks/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://blog.1nf1n1ty.team/hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/drupal.md).

# Drupal

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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://websec.nl/>" %}

## Discovery

* Check **meta**

```bash
curl https://www.drupal.org/ | grep 'content="Drupal'
```

* **Node**: Drupal **indexes its content using nodes**. A node can **hold anything** such as a blog post, poll, article, etc. The page URIs are usually of the form `/node/<nodeid>`.

```bash
curl drupal-site.com/node/1
```

## Enumeration

Drupal supports **three types of users** by default:

1. **`Administrator`**: This user has complete control over the Drupal website.
2. **`Authenticated User`**: These users can log in to the website and perform operations such as adding and editing articles based on their permissions.
3. **`Anonymous`**: All website visitors are designated as anonymous. By default, these users are only allowed to read posts.

### Version

* Check `/CHANGELOG.txt`

```bash
curl -s http://drupal-site.local/CHANGELOG.txt | grep -m2 ""

Drupal 7.57, 2018-02-21
```

{% hint style="info" %}
Newer installs of Drupal by default block access to the `CHANGELOG.txt` and `README.txt` files.
{% endhint %}

### Username enumeration

#### Register

In */user/register* just try to create a username and if the name is already taken it will be notified:

![](/files/bdPP93XLlswciz0AVlbp)

#### Request new password

If you request a new password for an existing username:

![](/files/AMWqsS1IYLrdQiNkzGtD)

If you request a new password for a non-existent username:

![](/files/zCj2GHSWSWscZTO2lqUR)

### Get number of users

Accessing */user/\<number>* you can see the number of existing users, in this case is 2 as */users/3* returns a not found error:

![](/files/2aKY8aDkKKrUms8OVSOw)

![](/files/AVoABgBm0PT8DuvpCLBD)

### Hidden pages

**Fuzz `/node/$` where `$` is a number** (from 1 to 500 for example).\
You could find **hidden pages** (test, dev) which are not referenced by the search engines.

#### Installed modules info

```bash
#From https://twitter.com/intigriti/status/1439192489093644292/photo/1
#Get info on installed modules
curl https://example.com/config/sync/core.extension.yml
curl https://example.com/core/core.services.yml

# Download content from files exposed in the previous step
curl https://example.com/config/sync/swiftmailer.transport.yml
```

### Automatic

```bash
droopescan scan drupal -u http://drupal-site.local
```

## RCE

If you have access to the Drupal web console check these options to get RCE:

{% content-ref url="/pages/smB7Vk4aMPB1j0jQUry5" %}
[Drupal RCE](/hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/drupal/drupal-rce.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Drupal From XSS to RCE

Through this technique, it is possible to achieve **Remote Code Execution (RCE)** in Drupal via **Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)**. <https://github.com/nowak0x01/Drupalwned\\>
\
**For more detailed steps check:** <https://nowak0x01.github.io/papers/76bc0832a8f682a7e0ed921627f85d1d.html>

## Post Exploitation

### Read settings.php

```
find / -name settings.php -exec grep "drupal_hash_salt\|'database'\|'username'\|'password'\|'host'\|'port'\|'driver'\|'prefix'" {} \; 2>/dev/null
```

### Dump users from DB

```
mysql -u drupaluser --password='2r9u8hu23t532erew' -e 'use drupal; select * from users'
```

## References

* <https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/113/section/1209>

<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://websec.nl/>" %}

{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/files/EX2wFQFzQGbAshe8pMtd" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/files/EX2wFQFzQGbAshe8pMtd" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/files/vDpkxwggcJNOToA5gU8r" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/files/vDpkxwggcJNOToA5gU8r" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>

* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
{% endhint %}